Morphology evolution of a melting solid layer above its melt heated from below
نویسندگان
چکیده
We numerically study the melting process of a solid layer heated from below such that liquid melt develops underneath. The objective is to quantitatively describe and understand emerging topography structures (characterized by amplitude wavelength), which evolve out an initially smooth surface. By performing both two-dimensional (achieving Rayleigh number up $Ra=10^{11}$ ) three-dimensional $Ra=10^9$ direct numerical simulations with advanced finite difference solver coupled phase-field method, we show how interface roughness spontaneously generated thermal convection. With increasing height convective flow intensifies eventually even becomes turbulent. As consequence, rougher but still topology. structure coincides regions rising hot plumes descending cold plumes. find scales mean layer. derive this scaling relation Stefan boundary condition relate it non-uniform distribution heat flux at interface. For cases, further quantify horizontal length scale morphology, based on theoretical upper lower bounds given for size cells known Wang et al. ( Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 125, 2020, 074501). These agree our simulation results. Our findings highlight key connection between morphology in beneath.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Fluid Mechanics
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['0022-1120', '1469-7645']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.15